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BACKGROUND: Adherence to pharmacological treatment (APT) is crucial for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to achieve metabolic control and decrease complications. AIM: To establish the proportion of APT in patients with T2DM, the influence of the same on blood glucose, and the factors involved in a lack of ATP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Diabetic patients were interrogated about sociodemographic factors, the evolution of the disease, their fasting blood glucose levels, and the use of other treatments. APT was evaluated with the Morisky-Green questionnaire, patient beliefs about treatments with the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ), and patient knowledge about T2DM with the standard questionnaire. RESULTS: A representative sample of 400 individuals of both sexes was studied, finding a lack of APT in 74.5% of patients. The latter patients showed a significantly greater level of blood glucose while being more preoccupied and less informed about the disease. A lack of APT was associated with the refusal to undergo the blood glucose test among men (Odds ratio (OR)=3.70; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.58-8.66) and with the consumption of medicinal plants among women (OR=2.53; IC 95%, 1.23-5.23). CONCLUSIONS: A lack of APT in patients with T2DM is a serious problem and associated with a lack of knowledge about the disease. It is urgent to strengthen the educational programs in relation to T2DM to promote adherence to treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Resumen Presentamos el caso de un escolar de 10 años, con el diagnóstico de una recaída de una leucemia mieloide aguda que cursó con un episodio de una neutropenia febril de alto riesgo, posterior a un ciclo intensivo de quimioterapia, evolucionando con una infección fúngica invasora demostrada por histopatología. Se inició tratamiento con voriconazol intravenoso, evolucionando con concentraciones plasmáticas erráticas que requirieron sucesivos ajustes de dosis, lo que también ocurrió con la administración oral del medicamento. Finalmente, tuvo una respuesta favorable al tratamiento, a pesar de la dificultad de la dosificación para alcanzar niveles terapéuticos. La búsqueda activa y la terapia antifúngica anticipada, así como la monitorización seriada de concentraciones terapéuticas de voriconazol, permitieron un tratamiento antifúngico óptimo y oportuno, mejorando el pronóstico del paciente.
Abstract We present a 10-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), presenting with high-risk febrile neutropenia (HRFN), after a cycle of intensive chemotherapy, evolving with an invasive fungal infection demonstrated by histopathology. Treatment with intravenous voriconazole was started, with erratic plasmatic levels, which require successive dose adjustments which also occurred with oral administration. Finally, he had a favorable response to treatment, despite of the dosing difficulties to reach therapeutic levels. Active search as well as preemptive antifungal therapy, together with plasmatic level monitorization of voriconazole allowed a prompt recovery and improved the patient prognosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/microbiology , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy , Invasive Fungal Infections/diagnosis , Invasive Fungal Infections/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Voriconazole/therapeutic use , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Abstract Clinical decision-making tends to be based on what clinicians have been taught during undergraduate and graduate programs. The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical approach and to identify the factors that influence the decision-making for dental pulp exposure among graduate students and coordinating professors in endodontics programs offered at Brazilian universities. The study used a mail-out survey developed in the Qualtrics platform, based on seven clinical reports in which dental pulp exposure was evidenced. Descriptive statistics showing vital pulp therapy (VPT) and root canal treatment (RCT) were calculated for each clinical report. Data on the participants' (n = 113) profile and variables related to clinical and radiographic characteristics of the cases were evaluated as to their potential to affect decision-making and analyzed by logistic regression (p < 0.05). VPT was likely to be indicated in cases of patients with immature teeth (OR = 0.017; 95%CI = 0.004 -0.073). RCT indications were related to the presence of symptoms (OR = 5.326; 95%CI = 1.429-19.852) and old age (OR = 21.057; 95%CI=6.809-65.120). In pulp exposure secondary to trauma, time of pulp exposure was significantly associated with RCT indication (OR=3.267; 95%CI=1.332-8.012). The present study demonstrated that patient age, root development, and symptom features were the main factors affecting participants' decision-making.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: La prematuridad es un grave problema de salud pública por la morbilidad, la mortalidad y los costos a ella asociados. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la relación entre las características sociodemográficas, obstétricas y psicosociales con el desenlace de parto prematuro frente a partos de término en el Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente de Concepción, Chile, entre el segundo semestre de 2016 y el primer semestre de 2017. MÉTODO: Estudio cuantitativo, observacional, de tipo caso-control. La muestra la constituyeron 84 mujeres con parto prematuro y 85 con parto de término. Se utilizó un cuestionario de elaboración propia y la escala de Evaluación Psicosocial Abreviada (EPsA). El estudio fue aprobado por el comité ético científico. Se realizó análisis bivariado, con un nivel de significancia a = 0,05. Los datos se analizaron con el software estadístico SPSS v.25.0. RESULTADOS: No hubo diferencias en los antecedentes sociodemográficos (edad, nivel socioeconómico, estado civil y escolaridad) entre ambos grupos. Solo las mujeres con parto prematuro mantenían en mayor porcentaje que las gestantes de término un trabajo remunerado (43,4% vs. 25,9%). El estado nutricional y el antecedente de parto prematuro previo no se asociaron a un nuevo parto antes de las 37 semanas. La interrupción por cesárea fue significativamente más frecuente en las gestaciones de pretérmino que en el grupo control (p = 0,0377). CONCLUSIONES: En la población estudiada, las características sociodemográficas de las gestantes no tuvieron relación con el desenlace prematuro de la gestación. Algunos factores biomédicos se relacionan significativamente con este riesgo. Es necesario evaluar la pertinencia de aplicar escalas psicosociales en esta población y enfocar los esfuerzos para promover el control preconcepcional en mujeres con antecedentes de parto prematuro o comorbilidad.
INTRODUCTION: Prematurity is a serious public health problem due to morbidity, mortality and associated costs. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic, obstetric and psychosocial characteristics with the outcome of premature birth versus term births at the Guillermo Grant Benavente Hospital in Concepción, Chile, between the second semester of 2016 and the first semester of 2017. METHOD: Quantitative, observational case-control study. The sample consisted of 85 women with premature delivery and 85 with term delivery. A self-elaborated questionnaire and Abbreviated Psychosocial Assessment scale (EPsA) were used. The study was approved by the scientific ethics committee. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed, with a level of significance a = 0.05. The data were analyzed with the statistical software SPSS v.25.0. RESULTS: There were no differences between the sociodemographic antecedents (age, socioeconomic level, marital status and education) between both groups. Only women with preterm birth had a higher percentage of paid work than full-term pregnant women (43.4% vs. 25.9%). Nutritional status and a history of previous preterm birth were not associated with a new delivery before 37 weeks. Interruption by cesarean section was significantly more frequent in preterm pregnancies than in the control group (p = 0.0377). CONCLUSIONS: In the studied population, the sociodemographic characteristics of the pregnant women were not related to the premature outcome of pregnancy. Biomedical factors are significantly related to this risk. It is necessary to evaluate the relevance of applying psychosocial scales in this population and to focus efforts to promote preconception control in women with a history of preterm birth and/or comorbidities.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Obstetric Labor, Premature/psychology , Obstetric Labor, Premature/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Pregnancy Outcome , Case-Control Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Gestational Age , Hospitals, PublicABSTRACT
Objetivo: analizar la implementación y comercialización de medicamentos de alto costo en el sistema de salud argentino, tomando como referencia el tratamiento médico de la enfermedad de atrofia muscular espinal y analizar la normativa aplicable, demonstrando el paralelismo legislativo con la República Federativa del Brasil. Metodología: se realizó una investigación descriptiva analítica identificando los criterios plasmados en las normas ó reglamentos para la implementación de una medicación de alto costo. Resultados: logramos obtener el marco regulatorio de la medicación denominada nusinersen en Argentina y la República Federativa del Brasil. Conclusión: con el avance de la tecnología, sus altos costos impactan directamente en la posibilidad de acceso, ante lo cual creemos que además de las herramientas de negociación interna de cada país, la cooperación internacional resulta una herramienta fundamental para transformar esta realidad en una oportunidad de acceso.
Objective: to analyze the implementation and commercialization of high-cost drugs in the Argentine health system, taking as a reference the medical treatment of spinal muscular atrophy disease and analyze the applicable regulations, demonstrating the legislative parallelism with the Federative Republic of Brazil. Methods: a descriptive analytical investigation was conducted to identify the criteria set out in the rules or regulations for the implementation of a high-cost medication. Results: we obtained the regulatory framework for the medication called nusinersen in Argentina and the Federative Republic of Brazil. Conclusion: with the advancement of technology, its high costs have a direct impact on the possibility of access, before which we believe that in addition to the internal negotiation tools of each country, international cooperation is a fundamental tool to transform this reality into an opportunity access.
Objetivo: analisar a implantação e comercialização de medicamentos de alto custo no sistema de saúde argentino, tomando como referência o tratamento médico da doença atrofia muscular espinhal; e analisar a regulamentação aplicável, demonstrando o paralelismo legislativo com a República Federativa do Brasil. Metodologia: foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva analítica, identificando os critérios previstos nas normas ou regulamentos para a implantação de um medicamento de alto custo. Resultados: obtivemos o marco regulatório do medicamento denominado nusinersen na Argentina e na República Federativa do Brasil. Conclusão: os altos custos da tecnologia impactam diretamente no seu acesso. Acreditamos que, além dos instrumentos de negociação interna de cada país, a cooperação internacional é uma ferramenta fundamental para transformar essa realidade em oportunidade de acesso.
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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a resposta cronotrópica ao exercício nos períodos pós-operatório imediato e tardio, após tratamento cirúrgico de fibrilação atrial e valva mitral por técnicas distintas. MÉTODOS: Estudo clínico prospectivo controlado, com amostra de 42 pacientes, portadores de fibrilação atrial crônica associada à valvulopatia mitral, submetidos a cirurgia pela técnica de isolamento de veias pulmonares (n=16), pela técnica do labirinto (Cox-maze modificado, sem uso de crioblação) (n=13), ambas com correção de valvulopatia mitral, ou para correção de valvulopatia isolada (n=13). As características clínicas pré-operatórias, indicações para cirurgia tipo e etiologia da lesão valvar foram semelhantes entre os três grupos. Os pacientes foram acompanhados em ambulatório e submetidos a testes ergométricos seriados. RESULTADOS: A resposta cronotrópica no pós-operatório imediato foi semelhante nos grupos analisados, em média 73,6 por cento ± 12,3 por cento da freqüência cardíaca máxima prevista. No grupo de isolamento das veias pulmonares, houve aumento de 64,4 por cento ± 12,4 por cento da freqüência cardíaca máxima, no pós-operatório imediato, para 78,9 por cento ± 10,5 por cento no 12º mês de pós-operatório (P=0,012). No grupo Cox-maze, a freqüência cardíaca máxima variou de 73,9 por cento ± 11,14 por cento para 78.8 por cento ± 15,2 por cento (P=1,000) e no grupo controle (apenas correção da valva mitral), de 67,2 por cento ± 14,3 por cento para 71,9 por cento ± 12,9 por cento (P=0,889). CONCLUSÃO: A atenuação pós-operatória imediata da resposta cronotrópica ao exercício foi semelhante no pós-operatório das três diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas. Houve melhora significativa da mesma, na evolução pós-operatória, no grupo de isolamento das veias pulmonares. Estes resultados sugerem que o procedimento de simples isolamento cirúrgico das veias pulmonares pode estar relacionado à melhor preservação do cronotropismo atrial.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the chronotropic response to exercise during immediate and late postoperative period after atrial fibrillation and mitral valve surgical treatment by different techniques. METHODS: Prospective controlled clinical study of 42 patients presenting chronic AF associated mitral valve disease, who underwent surgery by the techniques of pulmonary veins isolation (n=16), Modified Cox-maze procedure, without crioablation (n=13), both with isolated mitral valve repair (n=13). The preoperative clinical characteristics, surgical indications, kind and aetiology of valve lesion were similar between groups. The patients were outpatient followed-up and underwent series of ergometric tests. RESULTS: In the immediate postoperative period, chronotropic response was similar in the 3 groups with mean of 73.6 ± 12.3 percent of maximal calculated heart rate. In the surgical pulmonary veins isolation group, there was an increment of heart rate, from 64.4 ± 12.4 percent of maximal heart rate in the immediate postoperative period to 78.9 ± 10.5 percent in the 12th month (P=0.012) of postoperative. In the Cox-maze group, heart rate varied, respectively, from 73.9 ± 11.14 percent to 78.8 ± 15.2 percent (P=1.000) and in the control group (only mitral valve surgery), from 67.2 ± 14.3 percent to 71.9 ± 12.9 percent (P=0.889). CONCLUSION: An attenuation of immediate postoperative chronotropic response to exercise was similar in the postoperative in the three different surgical techniques. There was a significant improvement in this response concerning to postoperative outcome in the pulmonary veins isolation group. These results suggest that simple surgical pulmonary veins isolation may be related to a better preservation of atrial chronotropism.